When the board is first powered on, it operates in keyboard mode and contains a pre-loaded code set. This matches the MAME default key codes as the table above indicates. For many users there is no need to do any re-assignment, just power up and play.

You may want to re-program the codes if any of the following apply:

• · You use an emulator or other PC application without a key re-mapper.
• · You don't want people to be able to access the MAME game config menus by using shift buttons (for example game contests etc)
• · You want to limit coin insert to a real coin slot rather than using shift button feature.

The boards are shipped for operation in keyboard mode but can be changed to dual Xinput or Dinput game controller mode. Check the Multi-Mode page tab on the board information pages. You may need to upgrade firmware. For this see the I-PAC Downloads tab.

The I-PAC Ultimate I/O board has special firmware available which enables it to be seen by LED control applications as a second board. This is available on the IPAC Downloads tab page.
WinIPAC can also reconfigure each board separately, by means of a command-line switch "/2". For details see the WinIPAC tab page.

You do not need to install any drivers or software from the Ultimarc CD to get the board to operate.

Connect one side of each switch to the screw terminals as indicated on PCB. "Daisy chain" the other side of all switches together and connect to either of the "GND" terminals on PCB. Some micro-switches have 3 connections – only use the ones marked "NO" and "COM". Don't connect anything to the "NC" tag. Below is a diagram showing an example of 3 joystick micro-switches connected to inputs on the I-PAC board.

The gauge of wire used is not critical. Any insulated stranded wire will do providing it is thick enough to be gripped by the screw connectors. The wire we supply in our wiring kit is 16 X 0.2 mm.
You can connect more than one switch to one I-PAC input, to perform the same function. For example you might want to have side flipper buttons connected to the same inputs as fire buttons as these are used in different games. This applies to joysticks too. You can connect a 4 and an 8-way stick to the same inputs. (But check our 4-8 way switchable sticks though!)

The I-PAC 2 and I-PAC 4 use screw connectors for the controls:

The Mini-PAC and I-PAC UIO use a supplied wiring harness. The harness comes in two sections. There is a "daisy-chain" ground harness and a 32-way switch harness.

The first step is to connect the male end of the black ground harness to the black wire on the main harness. Then connect to every switch. The example below shows 3 connected switches:

Plug one end of cable into the USB connector and other end to motherboard USB connector.

Start windows. Windows will detect the device and automatically load drivers. The drivers for this device are already within Windows. There are no Ultimarc drivers for the I-PAC.

Boot PC and run a text program such as Notepad. Observe the LED on the I-PAC should be ON in normal use. If there is a failure detected during power-up, the LED will flash a number of times then stay OFF.
Press various player 2 buttons (some of the player 1 buttons are mapped to non-displayable codes such as ALT so best to use player 2). You should see characters displayed, just as if they were typed on the keyboard.

This is done using WinIPAC V2. For full instructions, click the Configuration Utility tab.

I-PAC boards support left/right mouse buttons plus game controller buttons, volume up/down, power, sleep and wake, in addition to keyboard keys. Extensive macro support is available.

Pressing and holding 1player start enables shift mode with access to the following keys (when "MAME" setting is used):

2 player start =Esc – for jumping back to the menu

Joystick left =Enter – for running games in Windows and for MAME game config menu

Joystick right =Tab – for entering MAME config menu

Joystick up =~ - for entering MAME volume/gamma menu

Joystick down =P MAME pause key

1 fire (button 1)=5 – for simulating coin insert.
The above shift keys can be changed/turned off as required if the board is programmed.

MAME HINT: to get past "Type OK to continue" prompt, just move joystick left then right.

KEYBOARD: PC should pass BIOS keyboard self-test with or without a normal keyboard connected. The unit is capable of being used in a closed arcade cabinet with no additional keyboard or controls and motherboard booting into an emulation menu. If an auxiliary keyboard is connected it can be used fully and even used during gameplay alongside your control panel.

USB DOS SUPPORT : Most PCs support a USB keyboard in DOS mode so I-PAC in USB mode MAY work in DOS. (USB keyboard support may have to be enabled in the BIOS). HOWEVER: many BIOSes have poor USB support which prevent use for gaming, as the response is too slow. USB is intended for Windows use, either in a "DOS box" or a windows application.

USING TWO I-PACs TOGETHER : Two boards can be used for doubling the number of inputs. Each board can be individually programmed with the required code set, then the two boards can be connected together as above.

WIRING TWO JOYSTICKS TO THE SAME CONNECTION : This is fine, and is often done when using a dedicated 4-way joystick alongside an 8-way. Both joysticks could be wired to the Player 1 inputs. They will both perform the same function of course.

The accelerometer, when enabled in WinIPAC causes up/down/right/left arrow keys to be sent when the unit is nudged. The firmware and software for this feature is currently available as a beta version on request.

These pins form a dual-purpose interface. The function is configured in the "config" tab in WinIPAC.

There are 2 modes:

Expansion Interface Disabled: In this mode, an Ultimarc U-Trak trackball and SpinTrak spinner can be directly plugged into the header pins. The wire colors are marked.

Expansion Interface Enabled : In this mode, one or two Ultimarc Xbox360/PS3/Xinput converters can be plugged into the header pins. The wire colors are marked.

General Approach:

Remember that the I-PAC emulates a keyboard. So if you bear this in mind, you can use any program that displays text to test the response with certain limitations. Notepad or the DOS prompt can be used for example. You can connect a short piece of wire to GND and use the other end to touch onto various input connections, and characters should be typed on the screen. Bear in mind, though, that the default MAME configuration includes many non-printing keys such as ALT, CTRL and the arrow keys, so trying the player 2 inputs is best as these are all printable characters.

But Notepad or DOS cannot tell you whether an input is "stuck" though so is not a complete test. For Windows, the best test is the Passmark keyboard Test which we can recommend downloading. It's a 30-day trial version but hopefully you will have it working by then!

Problem: Player 2 buttons 5 and 6 not working.

This is not an I-PAC problem! By default, MAME does not have these buttons assigned to any keycodes. Just go into the MAME controls menu (press tab in a game) and assign them. Button 5 is "I" and Button 6 is "K".

Problem: No shift functions work.

Part of the shift function design means that to avoid "stuck" keys, shift functions are disabled when any key is pressed. So loss of shift functions means you have a shorted or stuck switch.

Problem: Erratic behaviour of joystick directions. Shift functions not working. "Stuck" keys.

A very common cause is connection of the inputs to the "NC" contact on the switches instead of "NO". See the "no shift functions work" heading above for more info. This type of problem usually occurs when a large number of switches are incorrectly connected. The self-test LED will indicate this problem by flashing at power-up then staying off.

Problem: In USB mode, the I-PAC was not detected properly once before and now I can't get it out of this state.

You will need to remove it from Windows and let it re-detect. Go into Control Panel, System, Device Manager, Hardware. Open up the USB controller by clicking on the plus sign next to it. Under this heading will be displayed all the USB devices. Right click on all devices one by one except the controller itself and Root Hubs and select"uninstall". Now unplug and re-plug the I-PAC. It should be re-detected.

Problem: In USB mode, it is only detected as "Unknown Device" or "device has a problem".

Under certain conditions, shorted inputs can cause this, or inputs that are held at 5 volts. This may happen either because of a wiring error (see steps for checking this, above) or the I-PAC inputs being connected to something other than an open-circuit switch. If you need to connect non-switch devices please email for advice.

Problem: Keys intermittently sticking in one direction.

This is usually not an I-PAC problem. If you check the I-PAC installation using the PassmarkKeyboard Test you will probably find that this works fine and you may need to look elsewhere on your PC installation such as some errant software consuming PC resources.

Performing a USB Device Reset

Windows 7 and later cache information about all USB devices which is not refreshed when the device is unplugged/reconnected. This can cause issues with devices appearing not to work. This process is always required when firmware is changed from versions which support game controller device, to versions without game controller support or vice-versa.

To reset the device settings, open Device Manager. A quick way to do this is to click the Windows button and in the "search programs" enter:

devmgmt.msc

• Expand the "USB Controllers" entry
• Find the "Composite Device". There may be more than one. There is no harm in applying this to all of them with the exception that a keyboard with integrated trackball might be one of them and this will prevent any further use of the trackball if uninstalled.
• Right click on the Composite Device and "Uninstall" it.
• At the the top select "Action", "Scan for New Hardware". Alternatively, if you have "lost" your USB mouse, just unplug/reconnect it.

When a shift button has been assigned, pressing and holding this button causes the "SHIFTED" code page to be used. The way this works is not the same as defining "key multiple" in an emulator.

To explain this, consider the following example which is part of the standard I-PAC code set in non-programmable mode (and can of course also be set up in programmable mode)

For example say "Start 1" is the shift button and "Player 1 Button 1" is "Coin 1" in the shifted codes. Now if you set this as a key multiple in an emulator, you could generate a coin insert by pressing these two buttons together. BUT you would also send the code for the first button you pressed. Imagine you are starting a game and have one coin insert already done and you want to play a 2-player game which needs two coin inserts. You press the key combination again to send another coin. Unfortunately what may happen is that a one-player game will start as you have pressed "start1" as one half of the coin key combination!

How does the I-PAC get around this? When you press the "Start 1" (shift) button nothing happens immediately. The I-PAC waits to see if you are going to press another key at the same time. If you do press the "Player 1 Button 1" the shifted "Coin 1" code is sent. If you don’t press any other button the "Start 1" code is sent when you RELEASE the "Start 1" button. So you don’t get any unwanted key codes.

• Configures each pin of the board as the correct device type, ie keyboard, gamepad, analog, mouse, volume/power.
• Displays a pictorial representation of the board
• Fully real-time interactive. Reads and write board configuration "on the fly"
• Can be run in command-line mode or GUI
• Read/Save configuration to a file

Running from command line

This program can be run "invisibly" from a command line by simply appending the name of an already-saved IPC (config) file:
Winipac.exe

This will load the configuration specified. This will also cause a mode change if needed, if using multi-mode firmware. There is more on the "Multi Mode" product tab. Note the IPC file must be accessible by using its full path or saving it in the WinIPAC install folder.

Operation

PIN drop down

This displays the selected pin you are configuring. You can select pins from here or from the main graphic.

NICKNAME

You can type text in here which will remind you of which device this pin is connected to. The test is saved with the configuration (on the PC only) and is not sent to the board.

FUNCTION area

Here you configure the selected pin as the required device type and assign values to it.
You can select one of the radio buttons to define the pin as the following:

• Switch (which includes keyboard key, gamepad button and mouse buttons)
• Trackball/Spinner (includes optical steering wheels etc). This is only relevant to certain pins on the Ultimate I/O board.
  
  NOTE: Trackball/Spinner uses 2 pins per axis. The partner pin will also automatically be assigned. You can select X, Y or Z (wheel) axis.Trackballs use two axes (4 pins).
  Only the appropriate pins on the top two smaller connectors on the I-PAC Ultimate I/O can be assigned as trackball and spinner. It is recommended that you assign trackball on the left connector and spinner on the right otherwise you cannot use the special connectors for the U-Trak or Spintrak devices. The connectors for these devices are not unique. They use two or 4 of the total 48 input pins available.
  The I-PAC 2 and Mini-PAC also support trackball and spinner but these use dedicated pins.

Detail Configuration Example (Switch)

The switch is connected with one terminal to the required pin and other terminal to GND.

Select the pin by clicking on require pin in the graphic area.

Select "switch" radio button in the function area.

You now can select the control type eg whether keyboard key,

mouse button or gamepad button.

In the primary drop-down all possible keys are available plus macros defined separately (see later). Note that the I-PAC sends key scan codes just like a keyboard. It does not send characters so has no concept of upper/lower case. An upper-case key is a macro consisting of the Shift key plus the required character.

If required, you can select a secondary keycode. This is sent instead of the standard code when the I-PAC shift button is held. (This is by default the Start1 button but can be changed).

There is no need a secondary code unless you wish to use shift feature.

Macros

To assign a macro proceed as follows:

• Click on the MACRO tab
• Click NEW In the drop-down box, select the first character of the macro
• Click "Add Entry"
• In the drop-down box, select the second character of the macro
• Click "Add Entry"
• Repeat above 2 steps to add further characters
• Click "Add Macro".
• Return to the main tab. Select the macro in the drop-down when configuring the required pin.

Variable De-Bounce Delay

In the "Config" tab, the setting can be changed to 4 values as required. The default is the "standard" setting.

This value affects the rate at which the SAME input can be re-activated. Setting a low value will allow faster repeat of presses of the same button, but may also cause unwanted key repeat caused by switch bounce.

This is a specialized setting and should only be changed following testing with the specific switches being used. It does not affect overall performance because it only affects repeated action of the same input.

Dual Board Usage

This applies to the Ultimate I/O when one board has the standard firmware and a second board is connected with the "ID#2" firmware.

There is a command-line switch /2 which when used causes the board to skip the first board when detecting boards on startup.

This can be used in various ways. One method would be to copy the entire application to a different folder so you have two versions. Then edit the shortcut to the program to add the /2 switch.
Another way would be to use only one version and either apply the switch or not. Care would be needed when saving and loading IPC files.

If both boards are required to be reconfigured on the fly, a batch file would have two lines, each specifying a different IPC file and one with the /2 switch.

Upgrading Firmware

The firmware upgrade is a two-stage process.

First, the board is placed in firmware upgrade mode. Also a driver is installed on-the-fly if this is the first time an upgrade has been done on the PC.

Then, a program called UUPLOAD performs the upload of the firmware to the board. This program will not detect the board unless it has been placed into upgrade mode from within WinIPAC.

The following steps need to be followed:

• Run WinIPAC as administrator (right click and select "run as administrator")
• Ensure the board is detected and click "File, Firmware Upgrade".
• OK the prompts. The board should reset and change to "Firmware Upgrade Device" (If you have Device Manager open you will see the new device appear under the USB Controllers entry.
• A program called UUPLOAD.EXE should automatically start. If the process fails you can manually run this program if you have a "Firmware Upgrade Device showing in Device Manager
• Select the firmware file
• Uploading to the board should take approx 2-3 minutes. After that, the board should reset again and re-appear as a keyboard, mouse and game controller and be ready for use.
  
  Note: If the process will not work, you can try manually pre-installing the firmware upgrade driver by downloading the installer from this page which also contains additional information on the process and how to recover from failures.

The units were designed around MAME and normally you would use a front-end menu for selecting games. But of course, as the I-PAC emulates a real keyboard (without all the drawbacks) you can use any PC application which uses keyboard input.

Yes. You can use the fully programmable code sets of I-PAC to customise for any emulator or other application. Several popular front-end menus even have integrated support for downloading I-PAC codesets on-the-fly.

NO. Using the key-code programming is entirely optional. When the board is shipped, all codes are automatically assigned to MAME standard keys. As many people have found, this makes installation very quick and easy.

One method is to hack a keyboard, i.e. connect all the controls to the keyswitches so each button appears as a key. This is pretty unsatisfactory for several reasons: It takes ages to wire up as 2 wires need to be run to each switch.

Most arcade cabs have one side of all switches commoned so you have to re-wire everything.

Key Ghosting: This happens because of the matrix nature of keyboard encoders.

Extra buttons: With this solution, with some emulators you have to have extra buttons on the cabinet for functions such as "escape", "insert coin" etc. Nobody likes drilling extra holes in their nice original arcade cab!

Speed: Keyboard encoders use a scanning method. So each key is checked in sequence for a press or release. I-PAC does not use a matrix or scanning.

Shifted function keys will do various functions ie press "1 player start" and "fire" and you will insert a coin. Press "1 player start" and "2 player start" and you will jump back to the menu. You can also use the MAME game config menus with shift buttons, ie tab and enter are shift joystick right and left. The 1 player start button is always the shift button if you are using the standard MAME codes. In programmable mode you can assign any input to be the shift button and you can program all of the buttons to have shifted codes. The unique feature of the shift function is that it requires no dedicated extra button.

When the board is shipped it contains all standard MAME codes including the shift codes mentioned above. If you only ever use MAME and want a quick and easy install this will probably do for you. But if you need to, you can re-program as required, including "on the fly", and the board will remember your new settings.

You may find you need to change the assignment of keys for other emulators or maybe you don't want to have the shift functions of the MAME code set. The code set can be changed using the WinIPAC utility.

Normally you would install and test the board before getting into programming.

Yes the I-PAC will work on a MAC with USB. There is even a Mac version of the programming utility.

Yes the I-PAC will work on a Linux host. There is third-party Linux programming utility support (see Downloads page).

Dimensions shown below. Height is approx 17mm.